MIT Sloan Management Review

International Business, Management of Technology and Innovation

 

Strategic Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid

By Jamie Anderson and Costas Markides

October 1, 2007

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Innovation in developing markets has less to do with finding new customers than addressing issues of product acceptability, affordability, availability and awareness.

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Companies that develop new strategies to attack competitors and enter new markets often accomplish this by introducing architectural or business-model breakthroughs. They identify gaps in how an industry is organized, go after those gaps and then find ways to turn them into profitable markets. They find new customers (“new whos”), new products or services (“new whats”) or new ways of promoting, producing or distributing them (“new hows”). Although there has been a burst of interest in recent years in how economic growth is unfolding in the developing world, most of the research on strategic innovation is focused on developed markets. However, based on our research, companies that understand the dynamics of growth at the base of the economic pyramid in emerging markets have significant opportunities to unlock value.

We have studied strategic innovators in developing markets from a variety of industries to understand the reasons behind their success, and to explore how the success factors differed from what we have observed about innovators in the developed world. (See “About the Research,” p. 85.) We found that strategic innovation in developing markets differs in three important ways. First, the issue is not finding “new whos”— indeed, assuming products are affordable, there are plenty of under- and nonconsuming customers to tap. Second, it is not about creating new product features but adapting existing products to customers who have fewer resources or a different cultural background. And third, it is less about creating new business models or differentiating how you compete than establishing basic market ingredients such as distribution channels and customer demand from the ground up. (See “A Framework for Strategic Innovation: The Four A’s,” p. 84.) Companies that are able to confront theses issues have often been able to achieve strong market share and profit growth.

Developing Affordable Products and Services

In many cases, finding customers is not the issue. The 20 biggest emerging economies have a total of more than 700... To read the complete article, login or sign-up using the form below.

 
 

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