MIT Sloan Management Review

Corporate Strategy, Management of Technology and Innovation

 

Navigating a Path to Smart Growth

By Sebastian Raisch and Georg von Krogh

April 1, 2007

Not all growth is good. An analysis of Fortune Global 500 companies shows that the businesses that grew within the limits of their growth corridors performed far better than others -- even those that grew faster.

Buy article & permissions

How fast should a company grow? This question is fundamental to managerial practice, and it is difficult to answer. On the one hand, companies need to grow to remain vital and competitive. On the other hand, growth creates a number of managerial challenges — and too much growth can lead to crises or even bankruptcy. Some researchers have suggested that growth is beneficial only up to a certain point, beyond which it destroys shareholder value.1 This raises a set of questions: Do companies have optimal growth rates? Can healthy growth be defined? And if so, how can managers determine the ideal growth rate for their organizations?

We have developed a model of a “growth corridor” that allows managers to determine how quickly their companies can safely grow. We tested this model using a large-scale empirical study of the growth paths of the Fortune Global 500 between 1995 and 2004.2 (See “About the Research,” p. 67.) The results confirm the growth corridor’s relevance for managerial practice: Companies that grew within the limits set by their growth corridor outperformed their peers that did not. So-called “smart growers” delivered an average return to shareholders of nearly double the rate of slower- or faster-growing companies. These companies, including Dell, General Electric, Microsoft, Nestlé, Toyota and Wal-Mart, operated within the limits of their growth corridors. However, more than 75% of the overall group failed to operate within this zone and paid a price one way or another — in rising debt, declining profit margins or falling share prices. Drawing lessons from the smart growers, we have developed guidelines for how managers can use the growth corridor model in strategic planning.

The Growth Corridor

Many executives do not see rapid growth as a serious problem. After all, when companies are able to grow, they generally are offering customers what they want. However, in many cases there are significant costs, resulting in financial losses, market-share... To read the complete article, login or sign-up using the form below.

 
 

More articles from the spring 2007 issue